Pulsars

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The Ball-of-Light Particle Model predicts a Pulsar is a ball-of-light that has a very powerful electromagnetic wave sweeping across its surface. The pulsar has no outer envelope of material such as the outer plasma envelope of a normal star.

The Ball-of-Light Particle Model predicts Pulsars are caused by a collision. A massive object such as a star or a planet hits a star with so much energy that the core of the colliding object penetrates the star's outer plasma envelope and physically collides with the star's inner core. This causes a massive electromagnetic wave to start sweeping over the core of the star. The massive wave sweeps all of the outer enveloping plasma off the core of the star. Thus, all that is left is: a compact and ultradense stellar core; a core that has an intense nonthermal spectrum; a core with a massive electromagnetic wave sweeping over it; a wave intense enough as to induce smaller particles that are ejected off the poles creating particles that may further decay.

If severe enough, the impact also causes the explosive decay mode which creates Supernova and decay products that surround pulsars such as is the case with the Crab Pulsar.

See also, Thermal vs. Nonthermal Radiation, Nonthermal Radiation from Pulsars)

The Ball-of-Light Particle Model easily explains pulsars in a new manner:

• The core of a Pulsar is a ball-of-light
• The Pulsar has massive electromagnetic fields that sweep over its surface
• These fields create the massive pulses of energy that characterize Pulsars
• These fields induce smaller balls-of-light that are ejected from the Pulsar
• The ejected balls-of-light slow down and further decay in the nebula that surrounds the Pulsar
• Low frequency radiation is, in general, emitted from the equator of the pulsar
• High frequency radiation is, in general, emitted from the poles of the pulsar
• Due to the geometry of a sphere, at least one pole of every pulsar would be partially visible
• X-rays would be emitted from the poles of pulsars
• X-rays would be emitted from the secondary decay of particles ejected from the poles of pulsars
• As the electromagnetic waves sweep across the pulsar's surface, shorter wavelength nonthermal radiation will drop to zero over one cycle of pulsing
• Due to the geometry of one pole of the pulsar being partially visible, and due to the x-rays being emitted from the poles and secondary decays, x-ray nonthermal radiation should not drop to zero over one cycle of pulsing

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